Omega-3 as an adjuvant in the treatment eating and psychological symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to assess the effects of omega-3 supplementation as an adjunct treatment for eating and psychological symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature using the terms 'anorexia nervosa' AND 'Fatty Acids, Omega-3'. Five randomised controlled trials with a total of 144 participants, published between 2003 and 2022, were included. RESULTS: The effects of supplementation of omega-3 on anxiety were standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.08 to 1.66; p = 0.08; I² = 3%; two studies, 33 participants; moderate quality of evidence. For depression, the supplementation of omega-3 was SMD: 0.22, 95% CI: -0.50 to 0.93; p = 0.18; I² = 45%; two studies, 33 participants; moderate quality of evidence. For obsessive-compulsive disorder, the supplementation of omega-3 was SMD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.70 to 2.25; p = 0.36; I² = 0%; three studies, 32 participants; low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION: This research showed that regardless of dose, time or, if associated with other components, the use of omega-3 supplementations as an adjuvant treatment showed no evidence of effect in eating and psychological symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Temporomandibular Disorders Treatments and Its Effects on Headaches: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials / Tratamentos das Disfunções Temporomandibulares e seus Efeitos nas Cefaleias: Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise de Ensaios Controlados Randomizados

Objective: temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are the most common causes of chronic orofacial pain and, along with primary headaches, are considered Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions (COPCs). The aim of this study is to evaluate TMD treatment effects in individuals with comorbid headaches. Methods: a systematic review was conducted over a search in the database up to October 2020. Selected studies were randomized clinical trials with individuals diagnosed with TMD and comorbid headaches compared to a control group after treatments for TMD. All included studies were evaluated for their methodological quality through the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. Results: seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were applied in the review, with a total of 432 participants. Four studies were included in a meta-analysis. There was no significative mean difference in the frequency of headache after TMD treatment, nor for a reduction in pain, after TMD intervention for less than 12 weeks. Although for an individual with a TMD intervention period higher than 12 weeks, there was a significant reduction in pain. Conclusion: there is moderate evidence that painful TMD therapies for 12 weeks or higher reduce headache intensity in individuals with painful TMD and headaches. Simultaneous management of TMD and headache must be prioritized for more effective results on both conditions.

Objetivo: as Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTM) são as causas mais comuns de dor orofacial crônica e, junto com as cefaleias primárias, são consideradas Condições de Dor Sobrepostas Crônicas (CPOCs). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos do tratamento das DTMs em indivíduos com cefaleia comórbida. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática por meio de uma busca em banco de dados até outubro de 2020. Os estudos selecionados foram ensaios clínicos randomizados com indivíduos diagnosticados com DTM e cefaleia comórbida em comparação com um grupo controle após tratamentos para DTM. Todos os estudos incluídos foram avaliados quanto à sua qualidade metodológica por meio da ferramenta Cochrane Collaboration para avaliar o risco de viés. Resultados: sete estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos na revisão, totalizando 432 participantes. Quatro estudos foram incluídos em uma meta-análise. Não houve diferença média significativa na frequência de cefaleia após tratamento para DTM, nem para redução da dor, após intervenção para DTM por menos de 12 semanas. Para indivíduos com DTM, o tempo de intervenção maior que 12 semanas resultou em uma redução significativa da dor. Conclusão: há evidências moderadas de que terapias para DTM dolorosa por períodos de 12 semanas ou mais reduzem a intensidade da cefaleia em indivíduos com DTM dolorosa e cefaleia. O manejo simultâneo de DTM e cefaleia deve ser priorizado para resultados mais efetivos em ambas as condições.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of SARS-COV-2 IGM and IGG tests in individuals with COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Active SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed mainly through the detection of viral nucleic acid via the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Methods to assess humoral responses contribute to the monitoring of the disease and confirmation of exposure to the virus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of tests for IgM and IgG antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR and utility as complementary data for immunosurveillance. METHODS: Literature research was performed by searching the terms "COVID-19", "COVID-19 diagnostic testing" and "test" in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to search for potentially eligible observational studies without language restrictions published up to September 2020. RESULTS: The pooled sensitivity and specificity, regardless of collection moment, was 80.0% (CI 95% 72.0-86.0) and 97.0% (CI 95% 94.0-98.0) for "IgM and/or IgG", respectively. Serology considering immunoglobulins M and G together had a high accuracy performance on "fifteenth day and after": sensitivity and specificity was 91.0% (CI 95% 85.0-94.0) and 98.0% (CI 95% 95.0-99.0) respectively, DOR 461 and AUC 0.98. CONCLUSION: This study shows that serology is a group of tests with high accuracy, mainly following the second week after infection.

Perception of body self-image in adolescents with psychiatric disorders: Systematic Review / Percepção da autoimagem corporal em adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos: Revisão Sistemática

Objective: To map the evidence on the presence of dissatisfaction with body perception among adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Databases: systematic review using the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, IBECS, LILACS and gray literature (Google Scholar) using the following keywords: "Mental Disorders", "BodyImage", "BodyDysmorphicDisorders" , and "Adolescent" and its synonyms consulted in Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH). Data synthesis: Ten studies published between 1995 and 2015 were included in this review, including the countries: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Canada, United States and Germany. All studies had a cross-sectional design and the psychiatric disorders evaluated were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depressive Disorder and Eating Disorders. The ten studies included in this review show significant results for the presence of Image Disorder, greater body dissatisfaction and changes in the perception of body self-image associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that adolescents with psychiatric disorders have a higher frequency of Image Disorder, body dissatisfaction and changes in the perception of body self-image

Objetivo: Mapear as evidências sobre a presença de insatisfação com a percepção corporal entre adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos. Bases de dados: revisão sistemática utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, IBECS, LILACS e literatura cinza (Google Acadêmico) utilizando as seguintes palavras chaves: "Mental Disorders", "BodyImage", "BodyDysmorphicDisorders", e "Adolescent" e seus sinônimos consultadas no Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH). Síntese de dados: Foram incluídos nesta revisão dez estudos publicados entre os anos de 1995 a 2015, incluindo os países: Espanha, Portugal, Itália, Canadá, Estados Unidos e Alemanha. Todos os estudos tiveram delineamento do tipo transversal e os transtornos psiquiátricos avaliados foram Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, Transtorno Depressivo e Transtornos Alimentares. Os dez estudos incluídos nesta revisão apresentam resultados significativos para presença de Distúrbio de Imagem, maior insatisfação corporal e alterações na percepção da autoimagem corporal associados à presença de transtornos psiquiátricos em adolescentes. Conclusão: Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos apresentam maior frequência de Distúrbio de Imagem, insatisfação corporal e alterações na percepção da autoimagem corporal.

Association of human papillomavirus genomic sequences by polymerase chain reaction in gastric carcinomas in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with gastric cancer and compare with a control group. STUDY DESIGN: Forty paraffin samples of gastric cancer and 40 endoscopic normal mucosa and peripheral blood controls were subjected to examination by polymerase chain reaction for the L1 gene of HPV. The extracted DNA was amplified in 2 reaction systems using 2 pairs of primers: MY09/MY11 and GP+5/GP+6. We used Milli-Q water as negative control and a mixture of 1 microL of human blood plus 0.25 microL of plasmid pBR322 (HPV-16) as positive control. RESULTS: HPV was found in 4 patients with gastric cancer and 10 patients without cancer. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 samples (p = 0.077).

Influência da cola Bioglue® na deiscência de anastomose colônica: estudo experimental / Influence of Bioglue® surgical adhesive on colonic anastomosis dehiscence: experimental study

A grande parte da morbimortalidade associada com a cirurgia colorretal, é associada com a deiscência anastomótica. Trabalhos experimentais sobre a utilidade de adesivos tissulares nas anastomoses colônicas são controversos, assim como estudos clínicos prospectivos randomizados são ausentes. O adesivo cirúrgico BioGlue®, formado por dois componentes - albumina sérica bovina purificada e glutaraldeído, forma uma ligação co-valente entre esses dois componentes e as proteínas teciduais no local de aplicação. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a eficácia da BioGlue® na prevenção da deiscência anastomótica colônica em ratos. Foram utilizados 30 ratos machos da raça Wistar albino. A anastomose colocolônica foi confeccionada com sutura em pontos separados com polipropileno 5-0 (grupo 1) e aplicação da cola BioGlue® envolvendo a anastomose (grupo 2). Avaliaram-se a formação e extensão das aderências, a pressão de ruptura nas anastomoses e as alterações histológicas. Apenas um animal do grupo 1 (7 por cento) faleceu, sendo constatada na necropsia, obstrução intestinal com grande distensão de alças. A mortalidade no grupo 2, por outro lado, foi de 10 animais (67 por cento), sendo observado: distensão de alças intestinais, vazamento anastomótico e, em algumas situações, franca peritonite fecal por deiscência quase que total da anastomose. O presente trabalho nos permitiu concluir que, o uso da Bioglue® nas anastomoses colônicas realizadas em ratos, promoveu um aumento na morbimortalidade que foi estatisticamente significante comparado à sutura convencional.

The great part of the morbimortality associated with the colorretal surgery, is related with the anastomotic dehiscence. Experimental trials on the utility of tissue adhesives in the colonic anastomosis are controversial, as well as prospective randomized clinical studies are absent. BioGlue® Surgical Adhesive(BSA) is a two-component surgical adhesive composed of purified bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde. The glutaraldehyde molecules covalently bond (cross-link) the BSA molecules to each other and, upon application, to the tissue proteins at the repair site. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the BioGlue® in the prevention of the anastomotic colonic dehiscence in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats had been used. The colocolonic anastomosis was confectioned with separate stitches with polypropylene 5-0 (group 1) and the application of the BioGlue® Surgical Adhesive (group 2). The formation and extension of the adhesions, the histological alterations and the rupture pressure had been evaluated. In the group 1, we have only 7 percent of mortality (01 animal), being evidenced in the autopsy, intestinal obstruction with major bowel distension. The mortality in group 2, on the other hand, was 67 percent (10 animals), being observed: bowel distension, anastomotic dehiscence and, in some situations, fecal peritonitis because of anastomotic total dehiscence. We concluded in the present study that, the use of BioGlue® Surgical Adhesive in colonic anastomosis in rats, is associated with an increase of the morbimortality in comparison with conventional suture which was statistically significant.

Trombosis de la Vena Porta después de Esplenectomía para Hipertensión Portal Esquistosómica / Portal vein trombosis following splenectomy for schistosomiasic portal hypertension

La trombosis de la vena porta después de la esplenectomía es una complicación poco común pero que ocasiona una gran morbimortalidad. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo para evaluar su incidencia, los datos clínicos y de laboratorio, y los factores de riesgo para la trombosis de la vena porta después de esplenectomía en pacientes con esquistosomiasis. En los casos de hipertensión portal por esquistosomiasis se prefiere realizar la esplenectomía con desvascularización del plexo venoso esofagogástrico conjuntamente con esclerosis endoscópica de las várices en lugar de los procedimientos de derivación, debido a la baja frecuencia de repetición del sangrado y a que se evitan complicaciones serias como la encefalopatía. Se escogieron 68 pacientes operados entre 1991 y 1998, y se dividieron en dos grupos: el grupo I constituido por pacientes que no desarrollaron trombosis portal (59 pacientes) y el grupo II constituido por 9 pacientes (13.2 por ciento) que desarrollaron trombosis de la vena porta, incluyendo una muerte por hemorragia gastrointestinal. La recurrencia de las várices esofágicas en el grupo II fue del 88.8 por ciento, con un 33.3 por ciento de sangrado gastrointestinal. En el grupo I, la incidencia de várices esofágicas recurrentes y de sangrado gastrointestinal fue del 66.1 y del 15.2 por ciento, respectivamente. En los dos grupos se controlaron las várices recurrentes y el sangrado gastrointestinal mediante esclerosis endoscópica. A pesar de la alta incidencia de várices recurrentes asociadas con la trombosis portal, el 66.6 por ciento de los pacientes estaban asintomáticos durante la valoración postoperatoria...